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CARPINUS
Commonly known as Hornbeam
Attractive specimen trees grown for their elegant habit, ornamental foliage, autumn colour and pendent racemes of fruit. Male and female catkins on same tree in spring. Hardier than beech and tolerates wet soil much better.
Hornbeams yield very hard timber which is difficult to work. Long-lasting items such as tool handles, coach wheels, shoe lasts and gear pegs for windmills have been worked from this "ironwood".
Genus of about 40 species of deciduous trees from woodland in Europe, Asia and North America.
The UK native C. betulus, most common in the southeast, and rare in Scotland and Ireland, is favoured by the elusive hawfinch which is fond of the seeds which fall from October.
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DeciduousOvate to broadly ovate, double-toothed, glossy, dark green leaves to 5cm (2in) long, turning orange in autumn
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Height6-12m (20-39ft)
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Spread10m (33ft)
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TreeElegant small tree, upright when young, later rounded. Male catkins are green and 1-1.25cm (½-1in) long, females yellow-green and and to 5cm (2in) long.
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Hardy - very cold winterHardy in all of UK and northern Europe. Plant can possibly withstand temperatures down to -20°C (-4°F)
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Full sun
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Partial shade
- Details
- Mature Size
- Tips and Advice
- Goes Well With
- Planting Combinations
- Other Suggestions
- See Also...
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Additional FeaturesPests & DiseasesProne to coral spot, caterpillars and aphidsPlace of originChina, Korea and Japan
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Flower ShapeRacemesRacemes 2.5-5cm (1-2in) long of pendent fruit with ovate, unequal bracts
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HardinessFully hardy
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Leaf marginDouble Serrate
(see photos above) -
Leaf shapeOvate
(see photos above) -
Pruning groupPruning group 1Suitable for: Deciduous and evergreen trees, and some deciduous shrubs.
Pruning: Minimal pruning required. Prune wayward or crossing branches to maintain a healthy framework.
When: When dormant in the late winter/early spring. Some in the summer/autumn to prevent bleeding of sap.
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Seasonal InterestAutumnSpring
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Soil ConditionsFertile well drained soilModerately fertile
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Tree ShapeRounded to broadly spreading
- How to plant a tree - Video Tip ondemand_video
- How to plant a tree
- Ties - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Restaking fallen young trees - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Fallen old tree - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Clearing up fallen beech tree - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Spring pruning - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Removing side shoots - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Pruning and Shaping Magnolia - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Deer protection - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Weed Spraying - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Removing Ivy - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Removing wire protection - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Tree Survey - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Crown uplift - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Removing shoots below graft - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Removing peeling bark - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Maintaining variegation - Video Tip ondemand_video
6-12m (20-39ft)
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10m (33ft) |
Buy Varieties of CARPINUS
CARPINUS betulus
CARPINUS betulus 'Fastigiata'
upright columnar growing form
CARPINUS betulus 'Rockhampton Red'
excellent autumn colour in fiery orange and red
CARPINUS caroliniana 'Red Fall'
Red new growth turns green in summer. Spectacular autumn colour, orange-red.
CARPINUS fangiana
perhaps the most striking and unusual of all hornbeams which is a serious 'must have' for any collector. Bronze young leaves and long clusters of fruits with toothed bracts
CARPINUS fargesiana
elegant weeping branches and long decorative hop-like seed clusters ?????
CARPINUS japonica
a beautiful spreading tree with corrugated leaves and conspicuous fruiting catkins from an early age
CARPINUS kawakamii
small tree in cultivation. Serrated leaves and long catkins. Evergreen in our climate in Cornwall
CARPINUS polyneura
reddish-purple new growth of willow-like appearance. Strongly veined leaves with long pinted tips